Biomechanics and Functional Anatomy of the Wrist and Hand

Before starting the course, you will be able to take a quiz to assess your knowledge of the subject presented. This questionnaire will enable you to assess your own knowledge and ensure that the training is useful.

question 1 : Need Help

In the frontal plane, the interosseous muscles:

• Are finger adductors for the dorsal interossei and finger abductors for the palmar interossei.

• Are finger adductors for the palmar interossei and finger abductors for the dorsal interossei.

• Have no effect on the middle finger because it is the fixed element of the hand.

• Have a negligible role.

question 2 : Need Help

The radial extensors of the carpus:

• Are muscles whose contraction has a harmful effect on the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments.

• Are muscles whose contraction has a protective effect on the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments.

• Are muscles whose contraction has a harmful effect on the scapholunate ligament and a protective effect on the lunotriquetral ligament.

• Are muscles whose contraction has a protective effect on the scapholunate ligament and a harmful effect on the lunotriquetral ligament.

question 3 : Need Help

The extensor pulleys:

• There are 8 of them.

• They correspond to areas where there is no synovial sheath.

• There are 6 of them.

• They always correspond to a single tendon.

question 4 : Need Help

Ulna deviation is accompanied by:

• Extension of the first row and flexion of the second.

• Extension of both the first and second row.

• Flexion of both the first and second row.

• Flexion of the first row and extension of the second.

question 5 : Need Help

The flexor carpi ulnaris :

• Is a muscle whose contraction has a harmful effect on the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments.

• Is a muscle whose contraction has a protective effect on the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments.

• Is a muscle whose contraction has a harmful effect on the scapholunate ligament and a protective effect on the lunotriquetral ligament.

• Is a muscle whose contraction has a protective effect on the scapholunate ligament and a harmful effect on the lunotriquetral ligament.

question 6 : Need Help

What forces is the lunate bone subjected to?

• The scaphoid and capitate bones that bring it into flexion, and the triquetrum bone into extension.

• The scaphoid and capitate bones that bring it into extension, and the triquetrum bone into extension.

• The capitate and triquetrum bones that bring it into extension, and the scaphoid bone that brings it into flexion.

• The capitate and triquetrum bones that bring it into flexion, and the scaphoid bone into extension.

question 7 : Need Help

What is the role of the Transverse Retinacular Ligament?

• It allows functional coupling between the PIP and DIP joints.

• It opposes dorsal displacement of the lateral bands.

• It opposes ventral displacement of the lateral bands.

• It allows automatic extension of the PIP joint when the DIP joint extends.

question 8 : Need Help

The collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the long fingers:

• Are taut in MCP extension.

• Resist varus/valgus displacements but have an accessory role in the sagittal plane.

• Resist varus/valgus displacements and MCP flexion.

• Have a comparable role to those of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints.

question 9 : Need Help

The course of the flexor tendons:

• Is maximal with a closed fist, both for the flexor digitorum profondus and the flexor digitorum superficiallis.

• Is maximal with a closed fist only for the flexor digitorum profondus.

• Is maximal with a closed fist only for the flexor digitorum superficiallis.

• Is maximal in the extrinsic plus position for the flexor digitorum superficiallis.

question 10 : Need Help

Which of these structures is not part of the carpal tunnel?

• The flexor pollicis longus.

• The flexor carpi radialis.

• The median nerve.

• The flexor digitorum profondus of the index finger.

question 11 : Need Help

The oval ring concept defends the theory that :

• The stability of the wrist depends on the mid-carpal ligaments that transmit forces from the second row to the first row and the intrinsic ligaments of the first row that stabilize it

• The stability of the wrist depends on the useful distance between the radius and the trapezium, and thus the fundamental role of the lateral ligaments.

• The anchor point of the ligaments on the triquetrum is crucial to prevent ulnar carpal sliding.

• The second row allows limited mobility among its different bones to absorb some of the axial forces transmitted to it.

question 12 : Need Help

The hypothenar muscles:

• Are innervated solely by the ulnar nerve.

• Are composed of the four muscles that have the same motor innervation.

• Are innervated by the median nerve for the superficial plane and the ulnar nerve for the deep plane.

• Are innervated by the median nerve for the deep plane and the ulnar nerve for the superficial plane.

question 13 : Need Help

Which list contains the bones in the first row of the carpus?

• Scaphoid - lunate - triquetrum.

• Scaphoid - capitate - hamate.

• Trapezoid - capitate - triquetrum.

• Scaphoid - hamate - triquetrum.

question 14 : Need Help

The thenar muscles:

• Are innervated by the median nerve.

• Are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

• Are innervated by the median nerve, except for the flexor pollicis brevis and the superficial bundle of the adductor pollicis.

• Are innervated by the median nerve, except for the deep bundle of the flexor pollicis brevis and the adductor pollicis brevis.

question 15 : Need Help

The carpal tunnel:

• Is a flexible passageway that houses the flexor tendons of the long fingers, the flexor pollicis longus tendon, and the median nerve.

• Is a rigid passageway that houses the flexor tendons of the long fingers, the flexor pollicis longus tendon, and the median nerve.

• Is a rigid passageway that houses the flexor tendons of the long fingers, the flexor pollicis longus tendon, the flexor carpi radialis tendon, and the median nerve.

• Is a rigid passageway that houses only the median nerve.

question 16 : Need Help

The palmar plate of the MCP joint:

• Is a stretchable and elastic ligament that opposes the extension of the MCP joint.

• Is a stretchable fibrocartilage that opposes the extension of the PIP joint.

• Is elastic but not stretchable.

• Is a non-elastic and non-stretchable fibrocartilage that opposes the extension of the PIP joint.

question 17 : Need Help

Dart Throwing Motion:

• Is the movement from extension/radial deviation/pronation to flexion/ulnar deviation/supination.

• Is the movement from extension/ulnar deviation/supination to flexion/radial deviation/pronation.

• Primarily occurs in the mid-carpal joint.

• Primarily occurs in the radio-carpal joint.

question 18 : Need Help

The collateral ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the long fingers:

• Are taut in PIP extension.

• Resist varus/valgus displacements but have an accessory role in the sagittal plane.

• Resist varus/valgus displacements and PIP flexion.

• Have a comparable role to those of the MCP joints.

question 19 : Need Help

The skin:

• Has a comparable structure and role on the palmar and dorsal surfaces.

• Has a structure that favors grasping on the palmar surface and wrapping on the dorsal surface.

• Has a structure that favors grasping on the dorsal surface and wrapping on the palmar surface.

• Has dermal ridges on the dorsal surface, which serve as skin reserves for finger wrapping.

question 20 : Need Help

The interosseous membrane:

• Is taut in supination and not at all in pronation.

• Is taut in its distal part in supination.

• Is taut in its distal part in pronation.

• Is taut in its distal part in an intermediate position.

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